my participation

Representing Images

 

 

n  images are stored using a variety of formats and compression techniques

n  the simplest representation is a bitmap

n  bitmaps partition an image into a grid of picture elements, called pixels, and then convert each pixel into a bit pattern

                            EXAMPLE: representing images

resolution refers to the sharpness or clarity of an image

n  bitmaps that are divided into smaller pixels will yield higher resolution images

n  the left image is stored using 96 pixels per square inch, and the right image is stored using 48 pixels per square inch

p  the left image appears sharp, but has twice the storage requirements

 

when creating a bitmap of a color image, more than one bit is required to represent each pixel

n  the most common system is to translate each pixel into a 24 bit code, known as its RGB value: 8 bits to represent the intensity of each red/green/blue component

 

common image formats implement various compression techniques to reduce storage size

n  GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)

p  a lossless format, meaning no information is lost in the compression

p  commonly used for precise pictures, such as line drawings

n  JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)

p  a lossy format, so the compression is not fully reversible (but more efficient)

p  commonly used for photographs

Enterprise software Applications

What is an Enterprise Application?

An enterprise application is the term used to                           describe  applications -- or software  --. When the word "enterprise"  is combined with  "application,"                                     it usually refers to a software  platform that is too                        large and too complex for individual or small business use.

Enterprise software describes a collection of computer programs with common business applications, tools for modeling how the entire organization works, and development tools for building applications unique to the organization. The software is intended to solve an enterprise-wide problem, rather than a departmental problem. Enterprise level software aims to improve the enterprise's productivity and efficiency by providing business logic support functionality.

Services provided by enterprise software are typically business-oriented tools such as online shopping and online payment processing, interactive product catalogue, automated billing systems, security, enterprise content management, IT service management, customer relationship management, enterprise resource planning, business intelligence, project management, collaboration, human resource management, manufacturing, enterprise application integration, and enterprise forms automation.

Due to the cost of building or buying what is often non-free proprietary software, only large enterprises employ a software program that models their entire business system.

As enterprises have similar departments and systems in common, enterprise software is often available as a suite of customizable programs. Generally, the complexity of these tools requires specialist capabilities and specific knowledge.

According To Martin Fowler, "Enterprise applications are about the display, manipulation, and storage of large amounts of often complex data and the support or automation of business processes with that data.

Although there is no single, widely accepted list of enterprise software characteristics, they generally include performance, scalability, and robustness. Furthermore, enterprise software typically has interfaces to other enterprise software (for example LDAP to directory services) and is centrally managed (a single admin page, for example).

Types:

Enterprise software can be categorized by business function. Each type of enterprise application can be considered a "system" due to the integration with a firm's business processes. Categories of enterprise software may overlap due to this systemic interpretation. For example, IBM's Business Intelligence platform (Cognos), integrates with a predictive analytics platform (SPSS) and can obtain records from its database packages (Infosphere, DB2). Blurred lines between package functions make delimitation difficult, and in many ways larger software companies define these somewhat arbitrary categories. Nevertheless, certain industry standard product categories have emerged, and these are shown below:

• Accounting software:                                                                                                              is  is application software that records and processes accounting transactions within functional modules such as accounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll, and trial balance.
• Business intelligence:                                                                              is the ability of an organization to collect, maintain, and organize data. This produces large amounts of information that can help develop new opportunities. Identifying these opportunities, and implementing an effective strategy, can provide a competitive market advantage and long-term stability.
• Business process management:                                                              has been referred to as a "holistic management" approach to aligning an organization's business processes with the wants and needs of clients. It promotes business effectiveness and efficiency while striving for innovation, flexibility, and integration with technology.
• Content management system (CMS):                                                      is a computer program that allows publishing, editing and modifying content as well as maintenance from a central interface. Such systems of content management provide procedures to manage workflow in a collaborative environment.
• Customer relationship management (CRM)^:                                           is a widely implemented model for managing a company’s interactions with customers and prospects. It involves using technology to organize, automate, and synchronize business processes—principally sales activities, but also those for marketing, customer service, and technical support.
• Database:                                                                                                 is a structured collection of data. The data are typically organized to model relevant  aspects of reality (for example, the availability of rooms in hotels), in a way that supports processes requiring this information

·         Master data management (MDM):                                                                          comprises a set of processes, governance, policies, standards and tools that consistently defines and manages the master data (i.e. non-transactional data entities) of an organization (which may include reference data).

• Enterprise resource planning (ERP):                                                systems integrate internal and external management information across an entire organization, embracing finance/accounting, manufacturing, sales and service, customer relationship management, etc.
  Enterprise Application Development and Deployment:
  
  Proprietary enterprise applications are usually designed   and deployed in-house by a specialized IT development team within the organization. However, an enterprise may  outsource some or all of the development of the application,  and bring it back in-house for deployment.
  Today, using enterprise application service providers (ASP) is more prevalent. Here, the enterprise application is designed by a third-party application service provider and leased to the enterprise, as an on-premise or hosted service. This is also often referred to software-as-a-service (SaaS) or Web-based applications.
  Another trend in enterprise applications is the move to cloud computing, where the enterprise moves some or its entire infrastructure to the cloud -- a type of Internet-based computing, where services are delivered to an organization's computers and devices through the Internet as an on-demand service. Some enterprises may also choose a hybrid solution where cloud applications are integrated with on-premise systems.

• Reference:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_software

http://www.webopedia.com/quick_ref/enterprise_application.asp

 

about Syllabus

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background

Welcome everyone ,I'm Ro'aa AL-Harbi .I'm in thefifth level. IAlhamdulillah enjoying studying information systems and I hope benefit from it in my life and i want be in the future systems developer.